Broadly, phytoremediation can be costeffective for a large sites with shallow residuallevels of contamination. Curr pollution rep phytoremediation of explosive contaminated soils jeffrey d. Phytoremediation offers several advantages, but also some disadvantages, which should be considered when seeking to apply this technology table 1. Soils contaminated with organics phytoremediation includes hytodecontamination are treated by vapor stripping or thermal desorption and hytostabilizationtechniques. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at. Broadly, phytoremediation can be costeffective for a large sites with shallow residuallevels of contamination by organic. Present phytoremediation system characteristics that site managers and others might find useful in assessing the potential applicability of phytoremediation to a specific site. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals and. The phytoremediation of heavy metals from soil is emerging as a cost. Acute and diffuse contamination of soil by organic and inorganic pollutants causes wide concerns and intentional or accidental introduction of these substances poses serious impact in public health and environment. In the 1990s, there were several companies working with phytoremediation, including phytotech, phytoworks, and earthcare.
Phytoremediation is a biological technology process that utilizes natural plant processes to enhance degradation and removal of contaminants in contaminated soil or groundwater. Introduction soil is the fundamental foundation of our agricultural. Phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated soil by. The remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals is a costintensive and technically complex procedure 25. Sand and gravel are the most favourable soil types for transport. Phytoremediation has attracted increasing attention and is a promising technology for addressing soil contamination problems. For uptake into a plant, a chemical must be in solution, either in ground water or in the soil solution i. Soil contamination by various inorganic and organic compounds has been a worldwide concern, and phytoremediation has benn received increasing attention for. Some studies concerning phytoremediation have concentrated on heavy metals, obtaining valuable results marchiol et al. Using green plants to decontaminate soil is a progressive and sustainable process, greatly reducing the need for heavy machinery or additional contaminants. This text details the plantassisted remediation method, phytoremediation, which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil and water contaminated with high levels of metals, pesticides, solvents, radionuclides, explosives, nutrients, crude oil, organic compounds and. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air.
Phytoremediation, the use of living plants to cleanup contaminated soils, sediments, surface water and groundwater, is an emerging technology that may be applicable to the problem. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. In conclusion, this work provides a theoretical basis for the use of p. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by. Selenium replaces the nutrient sulfur in compounds taken up by a plant, but does not serve the same physiological functions brooks, 1998b.
With phytostabilization, soil amendments are added, and the contaminant is sequestered, diluted, and prevented from becoming bioavailable. Jun 26, 2009 the use of plants and associated microorganisms to remove, contain, inactivate, or degrade harmful environmental contaminants generally termed phytoremediation and to revitalize contaminated sites is gaining more and more attention. Assessment of phytoremediation as an insitu technique for. Epa awards and manages the overall grant for this center. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the phytoremediation capacity of j. Bioremediation, the use of microorganisms to control and destroy contaminants, is of increasing. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. Improving the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated. The ability to phytostabilize lead is very strong and well demonstrated, chaney says. Good soil lacks contaminants and provides trace minerals and key components for plant growth. Development of profitable phytoremediation of contaminated. Aug 01, 2000 the study used an industrially contaminated soil and an agricultural soil contaminated with metals from sewage sludge.
Soil phytoremediation is a technology using plants and their associated rhizospheric microorganisms to remove various pollutants from contaminated soils 5,8,14. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. Land pollution g hettiarachchi, section editor phytoremediation of explosive contaminated soils jeffrey d. The present study is dealing with the development of a phytoremediation system such as using the herbal plant ryegrass, lolium multiflorum as excluder plant to investigate its ability to exclude the two metals, copper and zinc from contaminated soil. Phytoextraction has been widely studied, mainly due to the potential for high efficiency and possible economic value in metal recovery, energy production 3,23,24,48,50,51. Phytoremediation of camelina, switchgrass, and miscanthus in mine land soils of pa tyler bowe1, matthew robinson2, alison shuler3, edward gerst3, ben tabatabai3, matt reitzel3, shobha potlakayala3, and sairam rudrabhatla3 1cheyney university of pennsylvania, 1837 university circle cheyney, pennsylvania 19319. Phytoremediation is an attractive alternative to remediate contaminated soil naturally and costeffectively. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils by heavy metals and. Phytoremediation of petroleum contaminants phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soils has been successfully tested in the field. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils and groundwater. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated soils.
This will make agronomic techniques economical and applicable for both planting and harvesting. Piriformospora indica, medicago sativa, phytoremediation, soil contamination, bioavailability, rhizosphere. Phytoremediation of camelina, switchgrass, and miscanthus. Phytoremediation of soil contaminated by heavy oil with. Phytoremediation of tnt contaminated soil and groundwaters epa grant number. May 30, 2019 phytoremediation is popular in theory due to its low establishment cost and relative simplicity. Injudicious use of hg its compounds have resulted in widespread soil contamination. Phytoremediation of longterm pcbs contaminated soil.
This study investigates the potential of plants for the remediation of hg contaminated mine wastes. Epipremnum aureum, mucuna bracteata and imperata cylindrica. Evaluation of phytoremediation and bioremediation for. The removal of the contaminated soil is not cost effective and environmentally safe grimski, et al. Phytoremediation uses plants to clean up contaminated. Greenberg, ben poltorak, jess spies, adam dunn, kent cryer, and perry gerwing. Great efforts have been made in the last two decades to reduce pollution sources and remedy the polluted soil and water resources. Phytoremediation of oilcontaminated soils sciencedirect. Introductory material on plant processes is provided. Good soil will result when phytoremediation plants clean contaminated soil. Conditioning of heavy metalpolluted river sediment by cannabis sativa l. Unlike other kinds of remediation plants, ornamental plants grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects have been an important source of remediation plants in recent years. The use of phytoremediation to cleanup organic contamination is widely accepted and more. The present greenhouse study was undertaken to identify plants capable of tolerating and accumulating high concentrations of arsenic.
Index termssoil contamination, soil resources, management, phytoremediation, practical application. Mar 01, 2018 phytoremediation has attracted increasing attention and is a promising technology for addressing soil contamination problems. Phytoremediation, the use of plants in remediation, is one such technology. The purpose of this issue paper is to provide a concise discussion of the processes associated with the use of phytoremediation as a cleanup or containment technique for remediation of hazardous waste sites. Phytoremediation of mercury contaminated mine wastes abstract mercury hg is a toxic heavy metal that is concentrated in organisms. In recent decades many studies have been conducted in contaminated mining and industrial areas and in natural metalliferous soils 35,51,58,6678 in order to inventory and screen the indigenous species and evaluate their potential for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Phytoremediation of mercurycontaminated mine wastes. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated by oil and gas drilling and production operations using grass species by yang gao the supervisory committee certifies that this disquisition complies with north dakota state universitys regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of.
Kiiskila 1 department of biological sciences, michigan technological university, houghton, mi 49931, usa in order to select appropriate plant species for phytoremediation of explosive compounds, phytotoxicity, uptake proficiency, capability of the. Phytoremediation effect of medicago sativa colonized by. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by psoralea. Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarboncontaminated soil with salix viminalis soil type in addition to permeability, soil type also impacts the degree of adsorption of contaminants and nutrients by the soil. The performance of phytoremediation as an environmental remediation technology indeed depends on several factors including the extent of soil contamination, the availability and accessibility of contaminants for rhizosphere microorganisms and uptake into roots bioavailability, and the ability of the plant and its associated microorganisms to intercept, absorb, accumulate, andor degrade the contaminants. The main advantage of phytoremediation is that it is a green technology. Phytoremediation of mercurycontaminated soils by jatropha. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Phytoremediation of soils and water contaminated with. Phytoremediation of crude oilcontaminated soil with. The soil is composed of organic and inorganic solid constituents, water and mixture of different gases present in various proportions. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with organic pollutants. Phytoremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils is an evolving technology. Pdf phytoremediation and bioremediation of pesticide.
Phytoremediation of explosivecontaminated soils pdf. The impact of vegetation is related to the aging of the contaminants. However, there was no report about using vetiver grass for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with tce. Phytoremediation is the removal of contaminants from soil and groundwater using plants. However, while a relatively large number of studies explore phytoremediation of heavy metals, there are other studies of phytoremediation on its application to organic pollutants. The performance of phytoremediation as an environmental remediation technology. Phytoremediation applications for metal contaminated soils using terrestrial plants. Plantbased remediation techniques are showing increasing promise for use in soils contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants.
The results showed that psoralea pinnata was able remove both chromium and iron from the contaminated soil during the period of experimentation. The cleaning of contaminated soils from heavy metals is the most difficult task, particularly on a large scale. The objective of this work is to put on view phytoremediation as a technological helpful alternative for cleaning contaminated soils. And many contaminants can be expensive and require a great deal of time to remove from toxic soil. First place student essay phytoremediation of contaminated. In essence, phytoremediation employs human initiative to enhance the natural attenuation of contaminated sites and, as such, is a process that is intermediate between engineering and natural attenuation. Phytoextraction and phytostabilization are the two techniques most useful for phytoremediation of metal and metalloid contaminated soils. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water ncbi. On the other hand, metal contaminated soils deprived of organic matter can increase metal bioavailability, subsequently increasing toxicity to plants. Traditionally, the contaminated soils are cleaned up by excavation or removing the soils from the land sites. Through phytoremediation, the average surface soil lead concentration was reduced by percent.
Introduction to phytoremediation contaminated site clean. Other large companies such as chevron and dupont were also developing phytoremediation technologies. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. However, they work best where contaminant levels are low because high concentrations may limit. Petroleum contaminated soil does not appear to be toxic to plants or invertebrates. Final report phytoremediation of tnt contaminated soil and. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites pdf 36 pp, 188 k, 2001, 540s01500. However, information on mechanisms, stages and the role of plants, direct or even indirect, in transforming such compounds is scarce. Introduction heavy metals are the major environmental contaminants and pose a severe threat to human and animal health by their longterm persistence in the environment 1. Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil.
A greenhouse feasibility study iii summary soil contamination, which can be caused by various pollutants, has attracted public attention for many years. Unlike other kinds of remediation plants, ornamental plants grown for d. General scope of phytoremediation phytoremediation is a biological technology process that utilizes natural plant processes to enhance degradation and removal of contaminants in contaminated soil or groundwater. All journal articles featured in international journal of phytoremediation vol 22 issue 6. Management and destruction of obsolete pesticides and the remediation of pesticide contaminated soil are significant global issues with importance in agriculture, environmental health and quality. Pdf development of a phytoremediation system for metals. The growth of the plants and phytoextraction of the metal contaminants from the soil were studied for a period of three months. This technology has been receiving attention lately as an. Phytoremediation plants refer to the use of living plants to reduce, degrade or remove toxic residue from the soil. Phytoremediation scenario a scenario b scenario c scenario d racer parameters small site large site easy difficult easy difficult contaminated media soil soil soil soil fencing none none none none site distance 250 250 250 250 safety level d d d d depth to contamination ft 0. Phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soils has been successfully tested in the field. Apr 09, 2019 the efficiency of phytoremediation using switchgrass or other plants on contaminated soil can be enhanced through additions of composts and other organic matter sources e. Polychlorinated biphenyls pcbs arepriority soil contaminants because of their toxicity and te n. Phytoremediation is the direct use of living plants for in situ remediation of contaminated soil, sludges, sediments, and ground water through contaminant removal, degradation, or containment.
Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated. Pdf phytoremediation of soils contaminated with organic. Pdf phytoremediation of contaminated soils and groundwater. Phytoremediation seminar report, ppt, pdf for chemical. That said, another type of phytoremediation, called phytostabilization, does work.
Watson environmental, agricultural and analytical chemistry section, chemistry department, university of glasgow, glasgow g12 8qq, uk. This emerging technology uses green plants to remove organic pollutants, toxic heavy metals, or excess minerals from contaminated soil or water. Huang plantbased remediation techniques are showing increasing promise for use in soils contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. Journal of environmental quality abstract bioremediation. The principal application of phytoremediation is for lightly contaminated soils and waters where the material to be treated is at a shallow or medium depth and the area to be treated is large. Pdf phytoremediation of chernobyl contaminated land. Phy toremediation of contaminated soils is generally belie ved to be effective through one or more of the follow.
It is an effective and lowcost alternative to most engineering techniques and traditional bioremediation methods. As far as soils are concerned, phytoremediation includes phytodecontamination and phytostabilization techniques. Growing and, in some cases, harvesting plants on a contaminated site as a remediation method is an aesthetically. Phytoremediation plants used to clean contaminated soil. Assisting phytoremediation of heavy metals using chemical. Definition and origins heavy metals are natural constituents of the earths crust 14 15. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at hazardous waste sites. This hampers plant survival and performance plants ability to uptake and sequester metals, thereby undermining phytoremediation as a pollutant control strategy. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils using ornamental.
The concentration of the pesticide should the concentration of the pesticide should be measured in the original contaminated soil an. The proposed mechanism is that plant heavy metal uptake and assimilation increases with biomass. If low cost is an advantage, the 488 environmental risk assessment of soil contamination. Abstract phytoremediation is an emerging and ecofriendly green engineering technology that utilizes the natural properties of plants to remediate contaminated soils, water and sediments. The performance of phytoremediation as an environmental remediation technology indeed depends on several factors including the extent of soil contamination. Heavy metal, soils, contamination, phytoremediation 1. Introduction to phytoremediation contaminated site cleanup. Plants can help clean up many types of contaminants including metals, pesticides, explosives, and oil.
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